Medicare is a federally administered health insurance program for people 65 and older and people of any age with permanent kidney failure. To qualify for Medicare on the basis of kidney failure, you must need regular dialysis or have had a kidney transplant, and you must have worked under Social Security, the Railroad Retirement Board, or as a government employee (or be the child or spouse of someone who has), or you must already be receiving Social Security or Railroad Retirement benefits. You can enroll for Medicare at your local Social Security office (check the blue pages in your phone directory to locate the office).
Medicare has two parts: Part A (hospital insurance) and Part B (medical insurance). Part B covers doctors' services, outpatient hospital services, and many other health services and supplies. While Medicare Part A has no premiums, Part B requires you to pay premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance. Part B is voluntary. Most of the services and supplies needed by people with permanent kidney failure are covered by Medicare Part B.
If you apply for Medicare when you start dialysis treatments, your Medicare benefits begin the third month after the month your course of maintenance dialysis treatments begins. For example, if you begin receiving maintenance dialysis treatments in July, your Medicare coverage would start on October 1. Coverage can begin earlier if you take self-care dialysis training (for home hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) before the third month or have a transplant within the first 3 months.
If you're covered by a group health plan, Medicare is a secondary payer during a 30-month coordination period. Your group health plan pays at its regular level for this period. Since you usually can't get Medicare in the first 3 months, your group health plan is the only payer for health services. In the third month, Medicare begins to cover only that portion of your health services that isn't covered by your group health plan. Medicare then becomes the primary payer for your health insurance claims at the end of the 30-month period.
If your group health plan will pay for all of your health care expenses, you may wish to wait to enroll in Medicare Part A and Part B until the end of the 30-month coordination period. In doing so, you'll avoid paying the Medicare Part B premium.
If your group health plan coverage has a yearly deductible or a coinsurance to pay, enrolling in Medicare Parts A and B could help pay those costs.
Contact your local Social Security office or call the nationwide toll-free number at 1-800-772-1213 if you want to apply for Medicare. Often, the social worker at your hospital or dialysis center will help you apply.
source: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/financialhelp/index.htm